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ARTICULI DIAETALES. - Articuli Diaetales Principatus Transsylvaniae.
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| Schrijver: | ARTICULI DIAETALES. |
|---|---|
| Titel: | Articuli Diaetales Principatus Transsylvaniae. |
| ISBN: | |
| Uitgever: | Hermannstadt (Cibinii), impressit Johannes Barth, (1744) |
| Bijzonderheid: | |
| Prijs: | € 300,00 |
| Meer info | 14 unnumbered leaves. No binding. 32 cm (Details: Woodcut headpiece at the beginning of the text: 2 putti supporting the coat of arms of Transsylvania, or in German Siebenbürgen. On the lower half of the shield, the 7 fortresses on hills are depicted; on the upper part a rising aegle is flanked by the sun and a waxing moon. (See Wikipedia's article: 'Historical coat of arms of Transsylvania') Further woodcut initials, a six page list with the names and functions of 125 Transsylvanian nobles and dignitaries) (Condition: 7 loose gatherings held together with a thread. The edges are slightly thumbed and show some wear and tear. Slightly and partly waterstained. Some foxing. The document was once folded crosswise. 2 small holes in the blank lower margin of leaf B2 and C1 because of wear. The last 3 leaves are loose. 3 names on leaf G2 verso, the last but one leaf, at the end of the text. This page shows in its center a big red stain, the remnants of a removed seal) (Note: Southeastern Europe was for centuries the battleground where the Catholic Habsburg empire and the Muslim Ottoman empire fought for supremacy. After the battle of Mohacs (1526), where the Hungarians were defeated by Suleyman I, Transsylvania, called in German 'Siebenbürgen', (the eastern part of modern Romania) became a vassal state of the Turcs. The 'Principatus Transylvaniae', the princedom of Transylvinia was ruled by native Hungarian princes, who had to pay tribute to the Ottomans, but could rule with considerable autonomy. The Austrians managed to conquer the region shortly after the famous battle of Vienna of 1683, where the Turcs were defeated. In 1687 the Hungarian nobility recognized the suzeranity of the Habsburg emperor Leopold I, and from 1711 the princedom was subjected to direct rule by Karl VI, who replaced the princes by the his own govenors. Maria Theresia, (1717- 1780), archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary etc. succeeded her father in 1741. In 1745 she became by her marriage empress of the Holy Roman Empire. The principality of Transsylvania was reincorporated into the Hungarian Kingdom in 1867, and the 'Diet', its 'parliament' was dissolved. After the defeat in World War I, the Austrian-Hungarian empire desintegrated, and the Kingdom of Romania was proclaimed. The 'Comitia' of the Habsburg 'Magnus Principatus Transylvaniae', also called the 'Diaeta', the 'Diet' or in German, the 'Landstag', are the convention of the three 'nations' of the country. This 'Unio Trium Nationum' consisted of the catholic Hungarian nobility, the Saxons ('Universitas Saxonum', or 'Natio Saxonica, sive Saxonum'), who were of German origin and protestants, and who spoke German, and the 'natio Siculica, sive Siculicorum', the Szekler, which was a Hungarian speaking minority, and who enjoyed ever since the Middle Ages special privileges. The Romanian people, about 50 % of the population, had no rights or representatives at all. The 'Comitia' were held a few times a year from 1719 onward in Claudiopolis (Romanian Cluj, German Klausenburg), where the 'Gubernius', the viceregent of the empress Maria Theresia had his seat, and from 1732 in Hermanstadt (Rumanian Sibiu, from the Latin name of this city Cibinium). The viceregent (Gubernator Regius) presided the 'Comitia'. An account of the discussions in the 'Comitia', the 'Acta Diaetalia', was drawn up in triplicate, a copy for the archive of the 'Gubernius Regius' in Hermannstadt (Veteri Gubernii Archivo Cibinii), one for the 'Commissarius Regius', and one for the empress herself. The decisions and the statements in the 'Articuli Diaetales' , the 'decreta Comitiorum' had to be signed by the Viceregent and a 'protonotarius' and to be submitted to the Empress, who confirmed them with her own signature. The document had to be signed also by the 'Cancellarius', who attached the Emperial Seal, the 'Sigillus Aulicus' to the document. Not till then had the 'Articuli Diaetales' force of law. ('pro fundamentali ac in perpetuum valitura Lege habentur'. J. Benkö, 'Diaetae, sive rectius Comitia Transsilvanica, eorumque decreta, quae vulgo adpellantur Articuli Diaetales', Hermanstadt, Cluj (Cibinii & Claudiopolis) 1791, p. 98) In 1744 Maria Theresia, only 27 years old, signed the 'Articuli diaetales' of the Transsylvanian princedom, which was a kind of constitution. The document consists of an introduction, several prefaces and 9 articles. In article III are repeated the names of the 125 Transsylvanian nobles, dignitaries and representatives from the 3 nations who signed in 1721 a previous 'Articulus Diaetalis' under Charles VI, thus declaring their loyalty to the Austrian throne. Article IV contains the text of the renewed oath of allegiance to the new empress, Maria Theresia, an oath wich was confirmed by the complete 'Comitia Transsylvaniae'. Article VII refers to the freedom of religion. In the 'conclusio' at the end Maria Theresia accepts, confirms and signs the 'articuli diaetales' benevolently and gladly in her palace in Vienna on the 7th of August 1744. This document bears on the last page the signature of the empress Maria Theresia. It was also signed by the Court Chancelor of Transsylvania 'Comes Ladislaus Gyulaffi, Liber Baro de Rátót'. Ladislaus (Laszlo) Gyulaffi was of old Hungarian nobility, and acting Chancellor from 1740 till 1754. The third signature belongs to a court notary, 'Josephus Kozma de K(ézdi)szentélek') (Collation: A - G2, added at the end is a blank unsigned leaf) (Photographs on request) |
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Elk boek kan binnen 14 dagen na ontvangst teruggezonden worden, in dezelfde staat als waarin het werd verstuurd en op dezelfde manier verpakt en verzonden. Retourzendingen dienen voldoende gefrankeerd te zijn.
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Books may be returned within 14 days of receipt, if returned in the same condition as sent, and packed, shipped and insured as received.
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