The volume pursues the restoration of Richard Rolle's contested authority by the mystic's 15th-century translators. This book explores the fifteenth-century translations of Richard Rolle?s Latin and English writings into English and Latin, respectively, raising questions about the impact of translation on an author?s legacy through the editorial activity of his translators. The volume also discusses Rolle?s sensory mysticism ? which was criticized by the ensuing generation of mystics ? whilst looking into the ways in which translations of his work create a fifteenth-century version of Rolle. While the fifteenth-century translations did not represent the standard means of shaping Rolle?s authority, this study illustrates individual encounters with Rolle?s writings in which interpretation was much more overt than in the devotional reuse of untranslated Rollean material. The volume asks if alternative and perhaps controversial portraits of the same author arise from the translations. Richard Rolle has received many, often conflicting, labels in scholarship: the father of English prose, the first medieval English author, the first known mystic of English literature, the runaway Oxford man, the non-conformist hermit, and the misogynist. This book is located in the context of the late medieval censorship culture which inevitably impacted the translators? treatment of authority, revelatory writing, and theological speculations. The analysis of Rolle in translation highlights the various meanings, practices, and implications of translation in the fifteenth century. Table of Contents Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1: Rolle in Hindsight: Legacy and Translations ?Richard Rolle and his Mystical Experience ?Fourteenth-Century Criticism of Rolle?s Mysticism ?Rolle and/in Translation Chapter 2: The Latin Translations of Ego dormio and The Form of Living ?The Latin Ego dormio: Text, Manuscripts, and Translation ?Author/Speaker and Addressee in the Latin Ego dormio ?Rolle?s Ego dormio in the Cloister ?The Latin Ego dormio and Universal Salvation ?An Afterthought: The Latin Translation of The Form of Living Chapter 3: Richard Misyn?s Translation of Incendium amoris ?Richard Misyn: Hermit and Prelate ?The Manuscripts of Misyn?s Fire of Love ?Misyn as Translator ?Misyn as Editor ?Misyn?s Purpose of Text Chapter 4: The English Translations of Rolle?s Emendatio vite ?Readers and Uses of the English Versions of the Emendatio on the Basis of Manuscript Evidence ?Hiding Translators: Characteristics of the Textual Strategies ?Theological Speculations in the English Translations of the Emendatio ?The Taming of Rolle: Overwriting Affects in the Translations Conclusion Appendix I: Additions in Misyn?s Translation of IncendiumAmoris Appendix II: Omissions in Misyn?s Translation of Incendium Amoris Appendix III: Different Meanings and Errors in Misyn?s Translation of Incendium Amoris Appendix IV: Translations of Rolle?s Key Terms Related to Calor in Misyn?s Incendiumamoris Appendix V: Misyn?s Translation of Rolle?s Emendatio vite ?Calor, Canor, and the Bodily Responses to Emotional Fervour ?Calor ?Canor ?Bodily Responses to Fervour (Tears, Weeping and Sighing) Appendix VI: Omissions and Additions in the Version C Translation of Emendatio vite (Tokyo, Takamiya Collection, MS?66) ?Omissions ?Additions Appendix VII: The Version F Translation of Rolle?s Emendatiovite ?Mistranslations and confusions in the translation ?Original Doublets and Other Additions Bibliography Index