- North American law has been transformed in ways unimaginable before 9/11. Laws now authorise and courts have condoned indefinite detention without charge on secret evidence, mass secret surveillance, and targeted killing of U.S. citizens, suggesting a shift in the cultural currency of a liberal form of legality to authoritarian legality. This book demonstrates that extreme measures have been consistently embraced in politics, scholarship, and public opinion in a specific belief that 9/11 was the harbinger of a new order of terror. Contents : Foreword by Paolina Massidda, Principal Counsel, Office of Public Counsel for Victims, International Criminal Court ; About the Author ; PART I. INTRODUCTION ; PART II. A Legacy of Abuse and Suffering Leads to the Birth of the ICC ; PART III. TRACING THE DEVELOPMENT OF VICTIMS' RIGHTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW ; A. Victim-Centric Justice of the 1400's - Customary Law As Exemplified By the Code of Leke Dukagjini ; B. Centralized State Power in the 1700's and 1800's, the Scientification of Criminal Law, And the Decline of Victims' Rights Under Domestic Law ; C. Twentieth-Century Resurgence of Victims Rights Under Domestic Law ; D. Victims' Rights Recognized as Part of International Law ; PART IV. PRIMER ON THE ICC ; A. Breaking New Ground for Victims' Rights ; B. The ICC's Operation ; C. The ICC's Limited Subject-Matter Jurisdiction ; D. Territorial and Personal Jurisdiction ; E. The ICC's Limited Temporal Jurisdiction ; F. The ICC's Due Process Guarantees ; G. The "Complementarity" Firewall: Understanding the ICC's Key Admissibility Test ; H. Case Initiation ; I. A New Paradigm: The ICC's Hybrid System of Advocacy ; J. Reconciling the ICC's Sweeping Promises to Victims with the Realities on the Ground ; PART V. THE ROME STATUTE'S GROUNDBREAKING (AND EXPANSIVE) RECOGNITION OF VICTIMS' RIGHTS ; A. Victims' Rights Enshrined in the ICC's Rome Statute ; B. Summary of the ICC's Victim-Related Rules of Procedure and Evidence ; C. Select Victim-Rights Case Law ; D. Exploring the Role of Victims as "Participants" in ICC Proceedings ; E. Modality and Extent of Victim Participation Remain Unsettled ; PART VI. QUALIFYING AS LEGAL COUNSEL FOR VICTIMS ; A. Becoming a Formally-Recognized ICC "Victim Representative" ; B. An Alternative Mode of Legal Representation: "Assistant to Counsel" ; PART VII. STEPS TO FORMAL RECOGNITION AS A "VICTIM" ; A. The Long and Torturous Road to Formal Recognition as a "Victim" ; B. Distinguishing Victims from Witnesses ; PART VIII. Preparing for Complex Group Representation ; A. Promises and Potential Pitfalls of Group Representation - The Class Action Model ; B. The Victim Representative's Duty of Loyalty to Clients ; PART IX. UNDERSTANDING VICTIMS' INTERESTS AND RECOGNIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF MANAGING AND GUIDING EXPECTATIONS ; A. Promises Collide With Reality ; B. Managing Expectations ; C. Ensuring Victims' Safety ; PART X. HOLDING A PRE-TRIAL EVIDENTIARY HEARING TO ESTABLISH THE HISTORIC RECORD ; A. Litigation Aimed At Creating Present and Future Individual (and Group) Accountability ; B. Convening a Pretrial Evidentiary Hearing to Develop the Common Factual Backdrop of the Case ; PART XI. COMPILING A "VICTIMIZATION DOSSIER" AS A PERMANENT HISTORIC RECORD OF ABUSE ; A. The Carefully-Tailored Dossier as a Useful Tool for Victim Representatives ; B. Devising Standard Procedures for Compiling Evidence ; C. Developing Interview Protocols ; D. Submitting the Dossier to the Court ; E. Submitting the Dossier to the Office of the Prosecutor ; PART XII. PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS ; A. Functions of the Pre-Trial Chamber ; B. The Office of Public Council for the Defense ; C. Victim Participation in Pre-Trial Investigative Activities ; D. Pre-Trial Preparation with a Clear Focus on the Main Trial ; E. Some Observations On Pre-Trial Meetings with Witnesses ; F. Self-Representation and the Corresponding Threat to the Historic Record ; G. The Benefits of Guilty Pleas ; PART XIII. THE MAIN TRIAL ; A. Opening Statement ; B. Direct Examination of Witnesses ; C. Introducing Exhibits ; D. Cross-Examination ; E. Re-Direct Examination ; PART XIV. SUMMATION AND SENTENCING ; A. Summation: Capturing the Whole Story ; B. Sentencing: Imposition of Justice ; PART XV. CONCLUSION ; Appendix I. Selected Articles from Rome Statute ; Appendix II. Selected Rules of Procedure and Evidence ; Appendix III. Regulations of the Registry ; Appendix IV. Selected Regulations of the Court ; Appendix V. Code of Professional Conduct for Counsel ; Appendix VI. Counsel Participation Form ; Appendix VII. Request for Participation in Proceedings and Reparations at the ICC for Individual Victims ; Appendix VIII. Helping Victims Make Their Voice Heard ; Appendix IX. Representing Victims before the International Criminal Court: A Manual for Legal Representatives ; Table of Authorities ; ICC Legal Provisions ; Index