Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Introduction -- Part One Nineteenth-Century Women -- 1 Peasant Women -- Women, Family, and Household -- Daily Life -- Beasts of Burden: The Tswana Example -- Gender and the Hierarchy of Work -- From Production to Reproduction: The Role of Marriage -- 2 Slave Women -- Slaves, Marriage, and Social Hierarchy -- Slave Women in Central Africa -- Was Every Woman a Slave? -- Women and Slavery in South Africa -- 3 Women and Trade at the Dawn of Colonialism -- Trade: A Tradition Rooted in West Africa -- Trade: A Forgotten Tradition in East Africa? -- 4 Powerful Women -- Women Chiefs -- Queen Mothers and Female Regents -- Eminent Women of Ancient Times -- 5 Female Identity and Culture -- Women and Religion -- Women in the City -- Part Two From the Country to the City -- 6 Rural Women and Colonialism -- The Twentieth-Century Trend: Cash-Cropping for Men, Subsistence for Women -- Access to Land -- The Future: Women's Revenge? -- 7 Women and Urban Migration -- In the Beginning: Colonial Migration -- Migration After World War II -- City Women Today -- Part Three Women in the City from Colonization to Independence -- 8 The Urban Condition -- Deterioration or Progress? -- Between Value Judgments and Reality: Independent Women and Free Women -- 9 Women and Trade -- West African Market Women -- Businesswomen in Central Africa -- The Special Case of the Cloistered Hausa Wives -- 10 Domestic Service -- Domestic Service in South Africa: A New Kind of Bondage? -- Domestic Service in Tropical Africa: Competition from Men -- 11 Prostitution: From \"Free\" Women to Women with AIDS -- Origins -- Miners and Prostitutes: South Africa -- Nairobi's Female \"Entrepreneurs -- Prostitution in Islamic Milieus -- Free Women in the Cities of Central Africa