This work is a comprehensive survey of one of the oldest-and hottest-debates in American history: the role of religion in the public discourse. The relationship between church and state was contentious long before the framers of the Constitution undertook the bold experiment of separating the two, sparking a debate that would rage for centuries: What is the role of religion in government-and vice versa? Religion and the Law in America explores the many facets of this question, from prayer in public schools to the addition of the phrase under God to the Pledge of Allegiance, from government investigation of religious fringe groups to federal grants for faith-based providers of social services. In more than 250 A-Z entries, along with a series of broad, thematic essays, it examines the groups, laws, and court cases that have framed this ongoing debate. Through its careful, balanced exploration of the interaction between government and religion throughout the history of the United States, the work provides all Americans-students, scholars, and lay readers alike-with a deep understanding of one of the central, enduring issues in our history. 250 A-Z entries analyze specific court cases or offer short, topical surveys of specific areas Bibliographies follow each entry, indicating direction for further investigation Thematic essays analyze such controversial topics as the establishment clause, the teaching of creationism and evolution, and the refusal of medical care A chronology traces the development of attitudes toward the issue and changes in the relationship between church and state