The global crime organization which we know as the Mafia traces its origins to the orange groves of the Conca D'Oro, the rich hinterland of Palermo, Sicily, during the early nineteenth century. It was here that the \"mafia of the gardens\", made up of loose networks of bandits, built their industry of crime. In exploring the Mafia's remarkable rise to power, Raimondo Catanzaro shows how these rural bands successfully opposed the encroaching authority of the Italian government in Sicily during the 1840s, as they infiltrated it, took control of its agencies, and effectively replaced it as the force of law throughout the island. Unlike past chroniclers, Catanzaro sees no break between the traditional rural mafiosi of the nineteenth century and the flashy criminals of today. To the contrary, he demonstrates that the fluid and unstructured composition of the early Mafia enabled it to change its form and thereby survive the many lethal threats it encountered, where a more rigid and unified organization would have failed. This ability to adapt was never more apparent than during the Socialist movement of the Sicilian Fasci in the 1890s. While older, established mafiosi intimidated and murdered local party organizers, younger mafiosi extended the Mafia's power by joining and then subverting these political movements. In his presentation of the recent history of the Mafia Catanzaro makes particularly ingenious use of the Italian Parliament's 40,000 page Commissione Anti-Mafia report to trace the explosive growth of this criminal enterprise since World War II. Here his narrative details the increasing involvement of mafiosi in clandestine commerce, first of tobacco, and then, during the last twodecades, of drugs and arms. Catanzaro presents the hitherto untold story of an organization that continues to affect us to this day.