Summary Archives held in institutions around the world hold a wealth of material but traditionally, the fields of Classical and ancient Near Eastern archaeology have been slow to make use of such legacy data in their investigations. In recent years, however, this trend has begun to change, and scholars increasingly recognize the importance of archival material to their research. Drawing directly on these trends, this volume offers the first in-depth analysis of what it means to engage in archive archaeology and how it can influence understandings of both the ancient world and the recent past. Excavation historiographies and the formation of archaeological archives in the twentieth century are investigated in locations from across the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, with current understanding of sites such as Dura Europos or Palmyra being fundamentally reassessed in the light of the archival material. Crucially, the volume contributions gathered here look to the future as well as to the past: archives are acknowledged as essential to cultural heritage preservation and restitution initiatives, and chapters explore best practices, as well as presenting some of the manifold potentials of archive and legacy data to future research. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations 1. Introduction OLYMPIA BOBOU, AMY MIRANDA, and RUBINA RAJA 2. Going Backwards to Move Forwards: Archive Archaeology and the Provenance of the Pottery from the House of the Frescoes at Knossos EMILIA ODDO 3. Herbert J. Gute and the Yale-French Excavations at Dura-Europos LISA R. BRODY 4. Digital Archaeological Archives 2.0: Answering Past Critiques with Linked Open Data (LOD) ANNE HUNNELL CHEN 5. The Gerasa Archives at the Yale University Art Gallery: Exploring the Archives of the Anglo-American Excavations of 1928-1930 and 1930-1934 LISA BRODY and RUBINA RAJA 6. Harald Ingholt's Fieldwork Diaries: Legacy Data of the Early Twentieth Century RUBINA RAJA and JULIA STEDING 7. The Ingholt Archive: The Impact of Archives on Palmyrene Studies and Syrian Cultural Heritage Preservation AMY MIRANDA and RUBINA 8. Perspectives on Funerary Sculpture from Roman Palmyra through the Harald Ingholt Archive DITTE KVIST JOHNSON and AMY MIRANDA 9. Digital Treatment of Paul Collart's Archives on the Temple of Baalshamîn: Challenges and Results (2018-2021) PATRICK M. MICHEL 10. Archive Archaeology at the Forschungsstelle Asia Minor, University of Münster: The Untapped Potential of the Dörner Archive MICHAEL BLÖMER and EMANUELE E. INTAGLIATA 11. The Site of the Archive: Responsibility and Rhetoric in Archival Archaeology of the Middle East J. A. BAIRD Index.