Summary This volume delves into the rich histories of the Jagiellon and Vasa dynasties, shedding light on the profound interplay between jewellery and socio-political forces. Readers are invited into an era where jewellery bore multifaceted significance, from symbolising power and piety to facilitating economic engagements. The royal perception of value extended beyond traditional treasures, with a keen interest in animal-derived artefacts. These unconventional items, such as elk hooves or eagle stones, were highly esteemed, reflecting both luxury's diverse nature and the era's cultural and mystical beliefs. Rather than merely cataloguing these artefacts, this study animates them, intertwining narratives of monarchs, nobles, craftsmen, and the lands from which these treasures emerged. It delves into a world where a gem's glint signifies might, gold hints at empires' expanse, and a narwhal's horn could determine kingdoms' destinies. Jewellery has long held a central position in history, particularly among the elite. These pieces were not simply decorative; they conveyed prestige, societal position, and authority. They symbolised both worldly and spiritual prominence, enriched with a complex symbolism. Beyond showcasing wealth, jewellery played crucial roles in diplomacy and politics. What meanings did these unique gems carry for their initial owners? This book uncovers the tales, magnetism, and mystery surrounding these jewellery collections. It paints a picture where jewellery transcends mere ornamentation, serving as a powerful testament to influence, devotion, and grandeur. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. In the Service of the Ruler and the Dynasty Jewels with Royal Monograms Jewels with Heraldic Representations Medals Gifts of Rulers and Magnates Gifts of Towns Jewels as Hoarded Objects Jewels for God and Saints Chapter 2. The Splendour of Jewels. Ornaments for the Body and Attire Ornaments for Hair and Headgear Earrings Decorations Rings Manele, Armlets Chains, Karkans, Alzbants, Kanaks, Collars Noszenia, Pendants, Clasps, Enseignes Ponta?y, Ferety and other Jewels sewn onto Clothes Buttons, Hooks and Eyes, Pins Belts and their Accessories Rosaries, Chaplets, Decymki Chapter 3. Leges sumptuariae?Laws against Excessive Luxury Chapter 4. Apotropaic and Medicinal Functions attributed to Jewels Chapter 5. Jewels at the Jagiellon Court The Jewels of Sigismund I and Bona Sforza The Jewels of Isabella Jagiellon The Heir of the Jagiellon Fortune. The Jewels of Sigismund Augustus The Jewels of Sigismund Augustus's Wives The Jewels of the Younger Daughters of Sigismund I and Bona The Jewels of Stephen B thory Chapter 6. Jewels at the Court of the Vasa Monarchs Sigismund III and his Family Anna Vasa The Jewels of Sigismund III's Wives W?adys?aw IV and his Family John Casimir The Jewels of Sigismund III's other Children Conclusion Bibliography Index