Summary In the early modern period, the humanist practice of translation of sacred as well as secular texts created new readerships in the vernacular for authoritative texts, religious or classical. As the circulation of languages within Europe reshuffled hierarchies between classical languages and vernacular tongues, transmission via translation was not only vertical, but also horizontal, and the contacts between European languages enabled the expansion of local lexicons from sources other than Latin or Greek. This volume focuses on the role of translation and lexical borrowing in the expansion of specific English lexicons (erudite, technical, or artisanal) as evidenced in printed texts from the early modern period. It considers how language shapes identity in social, religious, philosophical, artistic, and literary contexts, and is in turn shaped by claims of social, religious, philosophical, artistic, and literary identity. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments, List of Illustrations, Contributors Introduction ? Laetitia Sansonetti and R mi Vuillemin Roots, Germanic and Latinate: English as a Hybrid Language An Expanding or a Fragmenting Lexicon? Some Possible Approaches to Loanwords, Lexical Change, and Multilingual Practices in Early Modern English ? Philip Durkin 'A little mint where you may coin words for your pleasure': Cant and Linguistic Currency in Dekker's Rogue Pamphlets ? Jean-David Eynard Strange Roots in Roman Shakespeare ? Iolanda Plescia Language and Universality: The Transmission of Religious Dogma and Philosophical Concepts Writing Catholic, Translating Protestant: English Translations from French in the Sixteenth Century ? Susan Baddeley Bacon's English and Latin Expositions of the Doctrine of Idols: Their Common Features and Differences ? lodie Cassan A Universe over the Channel: The Circulation of John Wilkins's Universal Language Scheme in Early Modern Europe ? Fabien Simon Transnational Poetic Communities: Appropriating Continental Models Petrarchism as the European Language of Poetry: The Example of 'Chi vuol veder quantunque p natura' ? Enrica Zanin and R mi Vuillemin Traducing Ronsard: Larceny and the Poet in English Love-Lyrics, 1582-1591 ? P draic Lamb) Echo's 'repercussive voix': Ovidian Echo Poems in Early Modern England ? Agn s Lafont The Languages of Artistic Transfer: Music and the Visual Arts 'Their ditties Englished': Naturalizing French Lyrics ? Chantal Sch tz Miniatures in Translation: Words for a Gentle Art ? Anne-Val rie Dulac Index