Summary The crusades have been remembered and commemorated in many ways, from the late eleventh century until today. Soon after the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099, the fate of the First Crusade inspired literary, historiographical and artistic traditions. Participants in the subsequent crusades would look to the first Crusade for inspiration and spiritual guidance, while playing out their own ideas of crusading. Since then the crusades have been put to use in very divers ways and for different purposes. This volume explores how the crusades have been remembered, revered and ridiculed by those who participated in them and by those who in later periods made use of the crusades as an historical phenomenon. The volume thus traces the memory and legacy of the crusades by putting together essays that focus on the specific ways in which the crusades have been memorized, evoked and exploited from the eleventh century until today. TABLE OF CONTENTS The Crusades. History and Memory: Introduction Kurt Villads Jensen & Torben Kjersgaard Nielsen When Was the First History of the Crusades Written? Christoph T. Maier The Memory of Saladin and the Crusades in the Near East from the Fifteenth to the Late Nineteenth Centuries Jonathan Phillips When the Saints go Marching in. The Memory of the Miraculous in the Sources for the First Crusade Carol Sweetenham Once and Future Crusades. Past and projected plans of Emperor Frederick II and King Valdemar II of Denmark, c. 1214-1227 Kurt Villads Jensen The Circulation of the Eracles in Italy and Galeotto del Carretto's Chronicle(s) Massimiliano Gaggero From 'Superstitious Veneration' to 'War to Defend Christendom'. The Crusades in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1771-2018) Mike Horswell Has Emperor Henry of Constantinople's Legend Survived in Greek Folk Poetry? Aphrodite Papayianni Paradigms for Understanding Modern Crusading Adam KnoblerMemorials to Crusaders. The Use of Crusade Imagery in British First World War Memorials Elizabeth Siberry When and Where did the Word 'Crusade' Appear in the Middle Ages? And Why? Benjamin Weber