Summary This volume, the first in a new series dedicated to the archaeological and historical landscapes of central Mediterranean Italy, aims to offer a fresh and dynamic new approach to our understanding of central-southern maritime Tuscany during the Roman period. Drawing on research that was initially presented at the first International Mediterranean Tuscan Conference (MediTo) held in Paganico (Grosseto, Italy) in June 2018, and supported by invited papers from other experts in the field, this collection of essays offers the most up-to-date research into Roman and Late Antique landscapes within Tuscany and its broader Mediterranean context, as well as the political, economic, and social networks that developed in this area during the Classical Period. Ultimately, what emerges from this in-depth study of river valleys, urban centres, and coastal settlements is an understanding of a dynamic Roman territory of cities and villages, villas and sanctuaries, minor sites, and manufacturing districts in which the local population fought to establish and maintain connections with the wider Mediterranean. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations Preface Introduction - ALESSANDRO SEBASTIANI AND CAROLINA MEGALE The Tuscan Coast in the Classical Period: Research Prospects - FRANCO CAMBI Nunc Villae Grandes, Oppida Parva Prius: Private Agency and Public Utility in the Tuscan Maremma - ELIZABETH FENTRESS Santa Marta: A Roman Nodal Point in the Middle Ombrone Valley (Southern Tuscany, Italy) - STEFANO CAMPANA AND EMANUELE VACCARO Between Topography, Archaeology, and History: Considerations for a Diachronic Synthesis on the Villa at Aiano (San Gimignano) between the Fourth and the Seventh Centuries ad - MARCO CAVALIERI Rusellae and its Territory: From the Etruscan to the Roman City - MARIA GRAZIA CELUZZA, MATTEO MILLETTI, AND ANDREA ZIFFERERO The Etruscan Harbours of Vetulonia and the Extent of the Prile Lagoon: First Results of a New Research Project - CAMILLA COLOMBI The Northern Etrurian Coast: The Vada Volaterrana during the Roman Period: New Data to Reconstruct the Ancient Landscape - STEFANO GENOVESI Archaeological Excavations in Vignale (LI): A Lens for Framing the Landscape in Roman Times - ELISABETTA GIORGI Etruscan-Roman Populonia: Recent Research on the Sacred Area of the Acropolis - CYNTHIA MASCIONE The Fortress of Poggio del Molino and Piracy: A Contribution to the Definition of the Late Republican Landscape of Populonia - CAROLINA MEGALE Luna: The Area of Porta Marina between the Republican and the Imperial Periods - SIMONETTA MENCHELLI, PAOLO SANGRISO, ALBERTO CAFARO, STEFANO GENOVESI, SILVIA MARINI, AND ROCCO MARCHESCHI New Excavations in the Etruscan-Roman City of Vetulonia: The Domus dei Dolia - SIMONA RAFANELLI The Università di Firenze at Cosa (2016-2018) - ILARIA ROMEO AND DARIO PANARITI Cosa Excavations: New Interpretative Frameworks - RUSSELL T. SCOTT, ANDREA U. DE GIORGI, RICHARD POSAMENTIR, AND CHRISTINA CHA The Late Etruscan and Republican Settlement at Podere Cannicci: (Civitella Paganico - Grosseto) - ALESSANDRO SEBASTIANI The Missing link: A Nucleated Rural Centre at Podere Marzuolo (Cinigiano - Grosseto) - ASTRID VAN OYEN, GIJS W. TOL, AND RHODORA G. VENNARUCCI Beyond Religion? Placing the Gods in the Reconstruction of the Landscape and Economies of Southern Tuscany - EDOARDO VANNI Rural Settlements and Natural Resources in Early Medieval Southern Tuscany: Past and Future Research Prospects - GIOVANNA BIANCHI