Summary The product of an international interdisciplinary team, the History and Structures strand of the Pre-Christian Religion of the North series aims to approach the subject by giving equal weight to archaeological and textual sources, taking into consideration recent theories on religion within all the disciplines that are needed in order to gain a comprehensive view of the religious history and world view of pre-Christian Scandinavia from the perspective of the beginning of the twenty-first century. Volume I presents the basic premises of the study and a consideration of the sources: memory and oral tradition, written sources, religious vocabulary, place names and personal names, archaeology, and images. Volume II treats the social, geographical, and historical contexts in which the religion was practiced and through which it can be understood. This volume also includes communication between worlds, primarily through various ritual structures. Volume III explores conceptual frameworks: the cosmos and collective supernatural beings (notions regarding the cosmos and regarding such collective supernatural beings as the norns, valkyries, giants, and dwarfs) and also gods and goddesses (including Þórr, Óðinn, Freyr, Freyja, and many others). Volume IV describes the process of Christianization in the Nordic region and also includes a bibliography and indices for the entire four-volume work. TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 1. Introductory and Sources Jens Peter Schjødt, John Lindow, Anders Andrén, Preface & Introduction Jens Peter Schjødt, Theoretical Considerations Pernille Hermann, Memory, Oral Tradition, and Sources John Lindow, Written Sources John Lindow, Language: Religious Vocabulary Per Vikstrand, Language: Placenames and Personal Names Anders Andrén, Archaeology Anders Andrén, Images Terry Gunnell, Folklore Anders Andrén, The Spatial and Temporal Frame John Lindow, The Linguistic Frame Jens Peter Schjødt, Continuity and Break: Indo-European Jens Peter Schjødt, Continuity and Break: Germanic Rudolf Simek, Encounters: Roman Matthias Egeler, Encounters: Celtic Leszek P. S?upecki, Encounters: Slavic Thomas Dubois, Encounters: Baltic Thomas Dubois, Encounters: Sámi Thomas Dubois, Encounters: Balto-Finnic Volume 2. Contexts and Communication between Worlds Anders Andrén, Historical and Social Contexts Stefan Brink, Laws and Assemblies John Lindow, Ethics Judy Quinn, Gender Jens Peter Schjødt, Kings and Rulers Jens Peter Schjødt, Warrior Bands Jens Peter Schjødt, Various Ways of Communicating Stephen A. Mitchell, Magic and Religion Torun Zachrisson & Anders Andrén, Ritual Space Andreas Nordberg, Ritual Time and Time Reckoning Olof Sundqvist, Cultic Leaders and Religious Specialists Jens Peter Schjødt, Crisis Rituals Jens Peter Schjødt, Cyclical Rituals Jens Peter Schjødt, Passage Rituals Neil Price, Death Ritual and Mortuary Behaviour John Lindow & Anders Andrén, Worlds of the Dead John Lindow, Fate John Lindow & Jens Peter Schjødt, The Divine, the Human and In Between Volume 3. Conceptual Frameworks: Cosmos and Collective Supernatural Beings, Gods and Goddesses Mathias Nordvig, Cosmogony Mathias Nordvig, Cosmology Anders Hultgård, Cosmic Eschatology: Ragnarøk John Lindow, Vanir and Æsir John Lindow, Þórr Jens Peter Schjødt, Óðinn Olof Sundqvist, Freyr Jens Peter Schjødt, Loki Ingunn Ásdísardóttir, Freyja John Lindow, Baldr John Lindow, Nj?rðr John Lindow, Týr Anders Andrén, Ullr Sebastian Cöllen, Heimdallr Ingunn Ásdísardóttir, Frigg Jens Peter Schjødt, Hoenir John Lindow, Skaði John Lindow & Jens Peter Schjødt, Minor Gods and Goddesses Anders Andrén, Divine Twins Anders Andrén, Sun and Moon Rudolf Simek, Matronae John Lindow, Dísir Karen Bek-Pedersen, Norns Judy Quinn, Valkyries Margaret Clunies Ross, Giants Terry Gunnell, Dvergar (Dwarfs) Terry Gunnell, Álfar (Elves) Volume 4. The Christianization Process, Bibliography, General Indices Michael H. Gelting, The Christianization of Denmark Sæbjørg Walaker Nordeide, The Christianization of Norway Jón Viðar Sigurðsson, The Christianization of the North Atlantic Bertil Nilsson, The Christianization of Sweden Tuomas Heikkilä, Christianization of Finland Håkan Rydving, The Christianization of the Sámi Primary & Secondary Sources - General Indices