Summary This study interrogates press caricatures and cartoons, staged revue and opera parodies to reveal the role they play within the Parisian theatrical, social and cultural sphere. From the beginnings of Wagner reception in Paris, through the heyday of opra-bouffe in the hands of that comic genius Herv, to the international operatic repertoire played on Parisian stages in the 1890s especially works by Verdi and Wagner performed during an increasingly tense nationalist climate alongside those by Massenet, Reyer and Saint-Sans this book examines the workings of parody which draws on opera for its subject material, its appeal, and for whom. Parodys repetition of dramatic and musical conventions is compounded by the abundance of revue shows on Parisian stages, by prolific authors such as Clairville, which deftly used well-known opera and operetta repertoire alongside the scie that popular tune given new words countless times over to create new yet familiar theatrical experiences. Indeed, by the 1890s, the words and musics of Faust, Carmen and Guillaume Tell in particular, held resonant value to signify the operatic. Aside from political caricature in which the figure of Wagner became embroiled, the ways in which parody brings together the high and the low to mock cultural norms, to neutralise alterity or innovation and refocus commentary onto internal, local, conventional and legitimised cultural products and debates becomes apparent. Opera and Parody in Paris, 18601900 thus uncovers a huge amount of primary and hitherto unpublished sources in an analysis of highly appealing intermedial materials that dominated Parisian print and stage culture in the late-nineteenth century. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One. Opera and Parody on Stage and in Print The mechanisms of parody and theories of 'reading' Print and stage revue culture Performance conditions In defence of parody Chapter Two. Tannhäuser on the Popular Stage Panne-Aux-Airs Ya-Mein-Herr Conclusions Chapter Three. Hervé and Faust on Parisian Stages in 1869 Hervé Le petit Faust Faustomania Chapter Four. 'Cariculture' of the 1890s The operatic repertoire Lohengrin, Wagner and political caricature Opera cartoons Conclusions Chapter Five. Staged Parody and the Acceptance of Wagner Carmen Back to Wagner Lohengrin Salammbô La Walkyrie Massenet and Verdi Back to Wagner (again) Concluding Remarks Bibliography