Summary The articles in this book encompass a broad historical panorama and consider the presence of litanic prayers and songs in different religions, beginning with written records in the Egyptian, Sumerian and Hebrew languages and finishing with Christian works from diverse denominations. The research presents the litany as an exceptionally long-lasting genre which for several thousand years existed in the Middle-Eastern and European traditions, easily conforming to changes in religious or historical circumstances. An interdisciplinary approach by scholars representing different fields of study, including the history of liturgy, Egyptology, Assyriology, literary studies, musicology and ethnosemiotics, allows the eclectic character of litanies to be revealed, litanies which not only were a form of church prayer but also had an impact on the organization of social rituals as well as being appropriated by all the major fields of art, oetry, the fine arts and music. The musicological articles in the book address the performance of Sumerian prayers, the liturgical songs of the Middle Ages, litanies in Tudor England and polyphonic works of the great composers, such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. TABLE OF CONTENTS Witold Sadowski, Magdalena Kowalska, & Magdalena Maria Kubas, Studies on Litanies in the Past and Present Roland Enmarch, Litanies in Ancient Egyptian Written Culture Uri Gabbay, Litanies in the Sumerian Liturgy of Ancient Mesopotamia: A Typology of a 2,000-Year-Long Transmission History Sam Mirelman, Performative Aspects of Litanies in Sumerian Liturgical Prayers, According to Selected Late Manuscripts Christos G. Karagiannis, Aspects of Litany in the Old Testament Marie-Emmanuelle Torres, '????? ??? ??? ?????': Some Litanic Practices in Byzantine Imperial Ceremonies? Bernard Sawicki OSB, A Litany in the Rule of St. Benedict Mary Channen Caldwell, Litanic Songs for the Virgin: Rhetoric, Repetition, and Marian Refrains in Medieval Latin Song Joris Geldhof, The Litany of Saints of the Easter Vigil in the Roman Rite Magnus Williamson, Singing the Litany in Tudor England, 1544-1555 Karina Zybina, When Music Takes Over: Sacramental Litanies in the European Music History Tiziana Palandrani, Sardinia Jenny Ponzo, Francesco Galofaro, & Gabriele Marino, The semiotics of litanies from the Middle Ages to the YouTube era: Interpretative, intersemiotic, and performative issues