Summary The image of the crusades often connotes exoticism and foreign adventuring. However, the underlying motivations, daily practicalities, and lasting impact of the crusades on their European birthplace are equally important. How did European anxieties, prejudices, and priorities propel the crusading movement? How did crusaders understand and manage the particularly European geographical, legal, and financial dimensions of their campaigns? How did the crusades mark medieval European architecture, spirituality, and literature? This volume not only engages these provocative questions but also serves as a monument to the career of Christopher Tyerman, who has done so much to integrate European and global crusading history. The collection of essays gathered here by leading crusade historians, Tyerman's friends and former students, furthers study of the crusades within their European context, highlighting intriguing new directions for teaching and researching the crusades and their impact. TABLE OF CONTENTS 'Introduction', by G.E.M. Lippiatt and Jessalynn Bird 'CJT: An Appreciation', by Toby Barnard (Hertford College, University of Oxford) Crusading Attitudes 'Cutting the Gordian Knot: Urban II and the Council of Clermont', by John France (Swansea University) 'The Foreskins of Christ and Antichrist: Latin Christian Interpretations of Circumcision during the Crusades', by Kevin J. Lewis (Independent Scholar) 'Conrad versus Saladin: The Siege of Tyre, November-December 1187', by Peter Edbury (Cardiff University) 'Worse than All the Infidels: The Albigensian Crusade and the Continuing Call of the East', by G.E.M. Lippiatt (University of East Anglia) Crusading Realities 'The Hinge of the Mediterranean: Hafsif Ifriqiya and Louis IX's Crusade to Tunis in 1270', by Guy Perry (St Peter's College, University of Oxford) 'How to Implement a Crusade Plan: Saint-Victor and Saint-Jean-des-Vignes of Soissons and the Defense of Crusaders' Rights', by Jessalynn Bird (St Mary's College) 'The Templars' Estates in England and Wales in the Light of the Surveys and Accounts (1308-1313) preserved in the National Archives of the United Kingdom', by Helen Nicholson (Cardiff University) 'Opus Caritativum: Crowdfunding the Later Crusades - The English Evidence', by Timothy Guard (Rugby School) Crusading Legacies 'Dante's Crusading Ancestor and the Authority of a Sacred Poem (1147-1321)', by Edward Peters (University of Pennsylvania) 'Pirenne, Muhammad, and Bohemond: Before Orientalism', Mark Whittow (Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford) '"Corruent nobiles!": Prophecy and Parody in Burton Abbey's Flying Circus', by Nicholas Vincent (University of East Anglia) Bibliography of Christopher Tyerman