Summary Roman Imperial denarii from the first-third cen­turies AD are, almost without exception, the most common ancient coinage to be found in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe beyond the Roman limes. Perhaps surprisingly, however, a signifi­cant percentage of these coins are in fact coun­terfeit, comprised largely of denarii subaerati (plated denarii, fourrées) and denarii flati (base-metal cast copies). Moreover, these fake coins were not only manufactured by Romans them­selves, but also by barbarian peoples in Eastern Europe, far from the Roman limes, in what should be considered a mass-scale phenomena. This volume draws together archaeologi­cal, numismatic, and historical research in order to offer a new assessment of the production and use of counterfeit Roman Imperial denarii both within the European provinces of the Roman Empire and in European Barbaricum. Drawing on the results of the research project Barbarian Fakers. Manufacturing and Use of Counterfeit Roman Imperial Denarii in East-Central Europe in Antiquity, from the University of Warsaw, the papers gathered here explore the transfer of ideas, technology, and finished products that led to the transfer of counterfeit coinage across the Empire, and shed light on how, why, and when such coins were created and used. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations List of Abbreviations Introduction Arkadiusz Dymowski and Kyrylo Myzgin 1. Counterfeit Coin Moulds from Britannia Inferior: A Summary and Brief Discussion Richard Brickstock 2. The Production of Struck and Cast Denarii in Châteaubleau (France) during the Second Half of the Third Century AD Fabien Pilon 3. Counterfeit Denarii North of Hadrian's Wall: Roman or 'Barbarian'? Fraser Hunter 4. Non-official Roman Denarii in Thuringia: The Finds from the Germanic Settlement of Frienstedt Mario Schlapke 5. The ONAV Group of Barbarian Imitations and Copies of Roman Imperial Coins: Manufacturing of denarii subaerati in Eastern Europe in Antiquity Arkadiusz Dymowski 6. Finds of Counterfeit Roman Denarii at Selected Roman Period Settlement Sites in Western Lesser Poland: The State of Research and Prospects Jaros?aw Bodzek, Szymon Jellonek, and Barbara Zaj?c 7. Cast Copies of Roman Imperial Denarii from Belarus Vital' Sidarovich 8. Technological Variety of Methods Used in the Production of Cast Copies of Roman Denarii on the Territory of the Chernyakhiv Culture between the Middle Dniester and Southern Bug Oleksandr Nadvirniak and Oleh Pohorilets 9. Elemental Composition of Cast Copies of Denarii and Related Production Waste from Ukraine Determined Using PIXE and XRF Methods Oleksandr Buhay, Kyrylo Myzgin, Oleksandr Nadvirniak, and Oleh Pohorilets 10. Denarii flati Kyrylo Myzgin 11. Cast Counterfeit Coins or pecunia flata? Ancient Latin Sources and the Term denarii flati Bartosz Awianowicz