- First Dutch translation & adaptation of the book 'The Expression of the Emotions' published by Charles Darwin in 1872. The translator Hartogh Heijs (1841-1891), lecturer in zoology at Leiden University, but due to his outspoken support for Darwinism and freethought, he was overlooked for a professorship and subsequently resigned. In this book, Darwin explores how humans and animals express emotions, arguing that these expressions have a common evolutionary origin. This work builds upon his earlier theories of evolution and natural selection presented in "On the Origin of Species" and "The Descent of Man". In "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals", Darwin analyzes the muscular movements of the face and body associated with various emotions, such as joy, fear, and anger. He bases his findings on personal observations, correspondence, and photographic evidence. The book includes illustrations and photographs depicting different emotional expressions in humans and animals. Notably, it was one of the first scientific publications to incorporate photographic images, an innovative approach at the time. Darwin's work was among the first scientific attempts to systematically study and document emotional expression. He proposed that many facial expressions are universal and have a biological basis, regardless of cultural background. These insights laid the foundation for subsequent research in psychology, neuroscience, and ethology. Upon its release in 1872, "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" was an immediate success, selling over 5,000 copies. The work was translated into multiple languages, including German, French, Italian, and Russian. Although interest waned in the early 20th century, it experienced a resurgence in the late 20th century, partly due to new research supporting Darwin's findings. Freeman 1182.