This is the first volume to analyze pacification strategies within the Spanish Monarchy on a global level. It deals with the development and aftermath of the many early modern revolts on the Iberian and Italian Peninsula, the Sicilian and Sardinian islands, the cities along the North Sea and the Spanish Americas. These comparative studies uncover the different ways in which the Spanish Monarchy dealt with rebellion from cities and constituencies, ranging from military responses and repression to offers for negotiation and reconciliation. They also point out common characteristics of these pacification processes, such as the promises of pardon, the granting of grace and the instruction of peace envoys. The different chapters, each accompanied by an edition of sources, show how the reconciliation and reincorporation into the Spanish Habsburg orbit proved to be a painstaking process with an unpredictable outcome. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface List of source editions (in chronological order) Introduction How to Map Pacification and Reconciliation in the Spanish Habsburg Worlds? Violet Soen & Yves Junot PART I: Pacification and Its Limits An Unfinished Pacification. The Spanish Crown and Its Settlement Strategies Towards the Peruvian ?Beneméritos? in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries José de la Puente-Brunke Reconstructing Obedience in the Spanish Monarchy. Agents and Practices Involved in the Restoration of Peace in Guipúzcoa, 1635?1640 Susana Truchuelo Wartime Legalism after the Peace of Munster. The Pacification of Habsburg-Dutch Borderlands, 1648?1649 Bram De Ridder PART II: Diplomacy and Reconciliation A Contended City and Its Two Masters. Piacenza Between the Habsburg Conquest and the Restitution to the Farnese, 1547?1556 Massimo Carlo Giannini Building Reconciliation Through Diplomacy and Religion. The Dutch Revolt, the Cologne Peace Conference and Its Preparations, 1577?1579 Étienne Bourdeu The 1668 Treaty of Lisbon and Its Impact on Iberian Diplomatic Relations. Implementing Peace through Conflicts over Borders, Privileges and Property Carolina Esteves Soares PART III: Revolt and Reincorporation Reconciliation and Reincorporation of Cities in the Spanish Monarchy. Dunkirk during the Dutch Revolt Yves Junot Maroons Between Escape and Political Reconciliation. The African Challenge to Viceregal Supremacy in New Spain, 1608?1609 Matteo Lazzari Political Conflict and Pacification in the War of the Spanish Succession. The Palermo Revolt of 1708 Marina Torres Arce PART IV: Pardon and Pacification The City Defiant, the Ruler Compliant. Repertoires of Repression and Reconciliation in the Burgundian-Habsburg Low Countries in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries Violet Soen Negotiation and Reconciliation Strategies in Viceregal Peru. The Peace Mission of Pedro de La Gasca, 1543?1548 Manfredi Merluzzi A Judge for Reconciliation in New Spain. The Mediation of Francisco Manso y Zúñiga, Archbishop?elect of Mexico, 1627?1630 Gibran Bautista y Lugo Grace and Justice in the Spanish Monarchy. Building Peace amid Conflict in Castile in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Tomás A. Mantecon Conclusions Transitional Justice in the Spanish and French Kingdoms David van der Linden Notes on the Contributors Index of names Index of Places