The European music world at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century was characterised by national ideas and nationalistic ideologies. But the reality of the music itself seems quite different: inspiration did not stop at national borders, and composers sought out poetic material and artistic goals outside the traditions of their homeland. It was often music critics and later music historians who put the works and their creators in a strict national context. In Eastern Europe, traditions of national music writing have been particularly well preserved, with effects that continue to this day. The texts in this volume attempt to suggest alternative readings, to reveal nationalistic stereotypes, and to place the music back in the transnational complexity and richness of its origins. TABLE OF CONTENTS Christoph Flamm, Preface Christoph Flamm, Beyond the Cage: Rethinking Discourses on Nationalism in Music I. Blurred Boundaries Paul Newton-Jackson Between Regional, National and Cosmopolitan: The Polonaise in North-Central Europe to c.1800 Mirella Di Vita Between East and West: The Search for ?Russianness? in the Vocal Production of Alyab?ev, Varlamov, and Gurilyov Ryszard Daniel Golianek Stanis?aw Moniuszko and the Idea of Polish National Opera in the Context of French Operatic Traditions and Styles Tatjana Markovi? Beyond Nationalism: A Balkan Opera in Perspective II. Ambiguities Dagmara ?opatowska-Romsvik Fryderyk Chopin?s Music in Norway in the Last Decades of the Nineteenth Century: Context and Reasons Baiba Jaunslaviete Views of German and Russian Music Critics on Latvian Choral Music (in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century) Verena Mogl Symbolism ? Theosophy ? Socialist Realism: Reinhold Gli re?s Journey as Composer Michael Braun The Turn to the Archaic as a Legitimation of Modernism: Observations of the Role of Folk Music and Nationhood in Reviews of Bart k?s International Performances III. Projections Daniil Petrov The ?Organic? Concept of National Style and Its Consequences: On One Consistent Idea in Russian Thought about Music during the 19th Century Michael S. Richardson A Tale of Two Cultures: Crowds, Chorus, and Nationality in Wagner?s Die Meistersinger von N rnberg and Mussorgsky?s Boris Godunov Anna Giust Back to the USSR: Alfredo Casella?s Second Visit to Soviet Russia in 1935 Valentina Sandu-Dediu From Synchronism to Protochronism: A Brief Survey of Romanian Music Ideologies in the 20th Century Viktoria Grynenko A Matter of Context: 20th-Century Violin-Piano Arrangements of Soviet Ballets by Machavariani and Khodyashev Abstracts and Biographies Index of Names