Summary While the multilingualism of the medieval world has been at the forefront of research agendas across medieval studies in recent years, there nonetheless remain many questions to answer. What, for example, were the stakes and consequences of multilingualism for literary culture? And how do these change if we think of multilingualism through cultural, social, artistic, or material lenses? Taking such concerns as their starting point, the essays in this volume address a variety of aspects of medieval literature and literary culture related to multilingualism. They deal with multilingualism in relation to manuscripts, literary contexts, and historical contexts. The chapters gathered together here address considerations that have been overlooked in previous scholarship, and ask where the future of the study of medieval multilingualism lies. Contributions to the volume are grouped thematically, rather than by date or period, in order to draw out comparative perspectives, with the aim of encouraging innovative new approaches to future research in the field. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations Abbreviations Preface 1. Introduction Bart Besamusca, Lisa Demets, and Jelmar Hugen Multilingualism and Materiality 2. Looking French: A Comparative Codicology of Manuscripts in Multilingual Flanders Jenneka Janzen 3. The Multilingual Dynamics of History in the Margins of MS Laud Misc. 636 Michael Lysander Angerer 4. Explicit and Implicit Multilingualisms: The Imago mundi and MS Estense ?.Q.5. Natalia I. Petrovskaia 5. Linguistic Diversity in Sixteenth-Century Antwerp: Exploring a Multilingual Edition of the Historia de Grisel y Mirabella Rozanne Versendaal Contact Zones and Cross-cultural Encounters 6. The Fourth Crusade and the Multilingualism of Flemish Literary History: Home and Away David Murray 7. Code-switching in Bethu Brigte, the Old Irish Life of St Brigit: Preliminary Findings rin Nic Coinnigh 8. Together Yet Apart? Missing Multilingualism in the Middle Dutch Arthurian Tradition Jelmar Hugen Multilingual Institutions and Milieus 9. Who Read What in Which Language(s) in Late-Medieval Ghent? The Evidence of Book Ownership Bart Besamusca 10. Multilingualism and Vernacular ?Intrusions? at the Late Medieval University of Paris Teresa Barucci 11. Women as Multilingual Readers in Late Medieval Flanders: Exploring the Manuscript Evidence Lisa Demets Index of Manuscripts Index of Historical Figures and Texts