Band miniem vaal; onderaan de rug een restantje van een etiketje; gave schone band; op het schutblad, colofonblad en boven en ondersneden een naamstempeltje (T.B.I. Nijmegen); bladzijden gaaf, schoon en nauwelijks verkleurd.
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Contents

Preface xi

Introduction and Summary 1
A Summary

I. The Main Historical Thread 10
Early Studies, the Italian Anthropometrists
Viola’s Morphological Index
Kretschmer’s Studies of Types
Review of the Status of the Problem

II. Development of the Technique of Somatotyping 29
The Photographic Technique
Identification of the Components
Morphological Characteristics of the Three Extremes
Check Lists of Inspectional Criteria (Male)
Application of the Check List. Anthroposcopy
The Problem of the Anthropometric Objectification of the Anthroposcopic Method
The Measurements Used
The Final Construction of the Scales
The Number of Somatotypes
The Possibility of Using Other Numbers of Somatotypes
Note on the Somatotyping of Women
Secondary Variations

III. How to Proceed in Somatotyping 80
The Procedure of Somatotyping
Special Notes and Cautions
Training of the Investigator
Somatotyping without Anthroposcopy
Labor and Cost

IV. Some Theoretical Considerations 108
The Choice of Variables
Scales for the Measurement of Morphological Components
A Geometrical Representation of the Somatotypes
The Independence of the Components

V. Description of the Somatotypes 141
The Sevens in Ectomorphy
The Sixes in Ectomorphy
The Fives in Ectomorphy
The Fours in Ectomorphy
The Threes in Ectomorphy
The Twos in Ectomorphy
The Ones in Ectomorphy

VI. Toward a Constitutional Psychology 216
The Problem of Norms
The Question of the Permanence of the Somatotype
The Problem of Constitutional Weight Standards and the Prediction of the Individual’s Physical Future
The Influence of Heredity
The Influence of Endocrine Function
The Relation of Physical Constitution to Temperament
The Relation of Constitution to Mental Disorder
The Problem of the Relation between Mental Conflict and Dysplasia
The Relation of Constitution to Clinical Study and to Immunity
The Problem of Differential Food Needs
The Problem of Differential Dress and Differential Furniture for Constitutionally Different Personalities
Constitutional Factors in Sexuality and Mating
The Problem of Constitution as Related to Crime and Delinquency
The Problem of the Differential Education of Children
The Problem of Early Emotional Entanglements
Conclusion

Appendix 1. Tables for Somatotyping 265
Appendix 2. Nine Somatotypes of Women 290
Bibliography 300
Index 319

Illustrations

Three extreme varieties of human physique — Frontispiece

Fig. 1A. Extreme Endomorphy (a 711) Facing p. 6
Fig. 1B. Extreme Mesomorphy (a 171) ” 6
Fig. 1C. Extreme Ectomorphy (a 117) ” 7

Fig. 2. Showing the locations on the body at which the 17 diameters are measured Page 55
Fig. 3. Showing the percentage of the male population characterized by different amounts of dysplasia ” 69
Fig. 4. Showing the number of cases in 1,000 having various degrees of dysplasia within each of the three components ” 72

Fig. 5A. Two individuals of the same somatotype, 442, showing different degrees of gynandromorphy Facing p. 74
Fig. 5B. Two individuals of different somatotype showing different degrees of gynandromorphy ” 75

Fig. 6A. Case P ” 82
Fig. 6B. Case Q ” 82

Fig. 7. Scatter diagrams showing the correlation between the anthroposcopic estimates of somatotype Page 101
Fig. 8. A machine for determining the somatotype from anthropometric measurements Facing p. 104

Fig. 9. Three perspective views of a cluster of blocks representing the geometrical distribution of 70 of the somatotypes Page 117
Fig. 10. Showing a two-dimensional distribution of the somatotypes ” 118

Fig. 11. A curve showing the relation of the component scale to a scale which would eliminate the curvature of the three-dimensional surface near which the somatotypes lie Page 125
Fig. 12. Curve showing the theoretical distribution of a “normal” population against one of the component scales ” 128
Fig. 13. The actual distribution of the population against the three component scales ” 130

Fig. 14. Scatter diagrams showing the correlations between each component and height for 2,000 men and for 1,000 women ” 133
Fig. 15. Scatter diagrams showing the correlations between each component and weight for 2,000 men and for 1,000 women ” 136
Fig. 16. Scatter diagrams showing the correlations between each component and each other component for 2,000 men and for 1,000 women ” 138

Fig. 17. Scatter diagrams showing the correlation between the first and second components for each of seven values of the third component ” 139

Figs. 18 to 93. Plates illustrating various of the somatotypes as they appear at college age Following p. 146

Fig. 94. Nomograph for handling the anthropometric data Page 287
Fig. 95. Nomograph for handling the anthropometric data ” 288

Figs. 96 to 104. Nine somatotypes of women Pages 291 to 299

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somatotyping — anthropometry — constitutional psychology — morphology — body types — endocrine function — temperament — inspectional criteria — physiological variation — somatotype scales — population distribution — anthropometric diagrams