Contemporary historiography holds that it was the practices and technologies underpinning both the Great Voyages and the ?New Science?, as opposed to traditional book learning, which led to the major epistemic breakthroughs of early modernity. This study, however, returns to the importance of book-learning by exploring how cosmological and cosmographical ?novelties? were explained and presented in Renaissance texts, and discloses the ways in which the reports presented by sailors, astronomers, and scientists became not only credible but also deeply disturbing for scholars, preachers, and educated laymen in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century France. It is argued here that dialectic ? the art of argumentation and reasoning ? played a crucial role in articulating and popularizing new learning about the cosmos by providing the argumentative toolkit needed to define, discard, and authorize novelties. The debates that shaped them were not confined to learned circles; rather, they reached a wider audience via early modern vernacular genres such as the essay. Focusing both on major figures such as Montaigne or Descartes, as well as on now-forgotten popularizers such as Belleforest and Binet, this book describes the deployment of dialectic as a means of articulating and disseminating, but also of containing, the disturbance generated by cosmological and cosmographical novelties in Renaissance France, whether for the lay reader in Court or Parliament, for the parishioner at Church, or for the student in the classroom. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. Cosmographical Novelties: Unravelling the Dialectical Fabric of French Prose Chapter 1. Dialectic and Natural Philosophy: An Early Modern Panorama Part I. Cosmological Novelties: Natural?Theological, Sceptical, and Revolutionary Subversions Chapter 2. Natural Theology and Cosmological Novelties: The Huguenot Encyclopaedia and the Jesuit Miscellany Chapter 3. Cosmological Fictions: Sceptical and Revolutionary Uses of the Loci Part II. Cosmographical Novelties: Inventing the New World and National Geographies Chapter 4. Early Modern Cosmography: Definitions and Tensions in Contemporary Scholarship Chapter 5. The Locus from Authority in Cosmography and Geography Chapter 6. Loci in Cosmography and Geography: Probable Disciplines. Defining Novelties, Inventing National Geographies Conclusion. Dialectical Invention: The Discursive Emergence of Novelties and Epistemic Change Appendices Bibliography Index of Names