Provides the essential scientific grounding for current ophthalmic practice with discussions about ocular anatomy, embryology, biochemistry and metabolism in the eye and ocular pharmacology. This section also discusses the role of digital ophthalmology, as well as the application and future of artificial intelligence, plus machine learning.



Major Revision

Section 2 of the Academy's Basic and Clinical Science Course™ (BCSC®) provides the essential scientific grounding for current ophthalmic practice with discussions about ocular anatomy, embryology, biochemistry and metabolism in the eye and ocular pharmacology. In addition, discusses the role of digital ophthalmology, as well as the application and future of artificial intelligence, plus machine learning.

BCSC Section 2 features new clinical content on biosimilar drugs and ocular penetration of systemically administered antimicrobial agents and pediatric dosing. This edition has new Clinical Pearl boxes and content boxes that emphasize essential concepts.

This major revision includes expanded clinical content on ophthalmic drug delivery, ophthalmic preservatives and a new section dedicated to VEGF and VEGF inhibitors plus an expanded table on immunomodulatory therapy. BCSC Section 2 includes an updated genetics section with expanded knowledge on CRISPR and includes new pedigree charts. A chapter on digital ophthalmology with a focus on artificial intelligence has been included.

Deepen your understanding with eleven clinical videos, three animations and five interactive activities. Upon completion of Section 2, readers should be able to:

Describe the anastomoses in the orbit between the external and internal carotid arteries Describe the elements of the visual cycle and phototransduction cascade and their relation to vision and inherited retinal diseases Draw a pedigree diagram and identify the main patterns of inheritance Describe the role of the ophthalmologist in the provision of genetic counseling as well as the indications for ordering genetic testing and referring patients for gene therapy List the various functions of the retinal pigment epithelium, such as phagocytosis, vitamin A metabolism, and maintenance of retinal adhesion Describe the basic principles of ocular pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics