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Contents

Acknowledgments ..... xi
Introduction ..... xiii
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1 Understanding the Policy Context of Child Welfare
Introduction ..... 1
What Is Policy? ..... 2
Some Current Population Statistics from 1990
Decennial Census ..... 8
Family Issues and Trends ..... 9
Major National Legislation that Has Helped Shape
Child Welfare Services ..... 13
Opportunities for Policy Practice ..... 31
Conclusion ..... 31
Notes ..... 33
For Further Information ..... 34
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2 Family-Centered Child Welfare Services:
Theory and Practice

Introduction ..... 35
Conceptual Framework for Family-Centered Practice ..... 36
Applying a Family-Centered Focus ..... 46
Conclusion ..... 55
Notes ..... 56
For Further Information ..... 56
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3 Income Support for Families With Children
Robert D. Plotnick

Introduction ..... 59
The Economic Status of Families with Children ..... 60
Child Maltreatment and Other Consequences of
Poverty ..... 66
Income Support Policies for Children ..... 68
Program Challenges: Choosing Strategies for
Reducing Poverty among Children ..... 78
Conclusion ..... 87
Notes ..... 88
For Further Information ..... 90
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4 Child Maltreatment: Incidence, Reporting,
and Substantiation

Introduction ..... 91
Conceptualizing Child Maltreatment ..... 91
Definition and Incidence of Child Maltreatment
in the United States ..... 94
What Kinds of Families are Reported for Child
Maltreatment? ..... 105
Child Maltreatment Severity and Reporting ..... 109
Current Program Challenges ..... 122
Conclusion ..... 127
Notes ..... 127
For Further Information ..... 128
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5 Physical Abuse: Prevention and Treatment

Introduction ..... 131
Theoretical Perspectives Regarding the Contributing
Factors to Child Maltreatment ..... 131
Physical Abuse ..... 138
Prevention of Physical Abuse ..... 146
Current Program Challenges ..... 158
Conclusion ..... 158
Notes ..... 158
For Further Information ..... 159
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6 Sexual Abuse: Prevention and Treatment

Introduction ..... 161
Sexual Abuse ..... 161
Prevention of Sexual Abuse ..... 174
Treatment of Sexual Abuse ..... 177
Current Program Challenges ..... 182
Conclusion ..... 183
Notes ..... 183
For Further Information ..... 184
Appendix: Treatment Issues of Incest Offenders ..... 185
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7 Child Neglect and Psychological Maltreatment:
Prevention and Treatment

Introduction ..... 191
Child Neglect ..... 192
Prevention of Child Neglect ..... 199
Promising Treatment Approaches ..... 199
Nonorganic Failure to Thrive as a Special Case
of Neglect ..... 205
Psychological Maltreatment ..... 211
Current Program Challenges ..... 223
Conclusion ..... 225
Notes ..... 225
For Further Information ..... 226
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8 Intake, Investigation, and Risk Assessment in Child
Welfare

Introduction ..... 227
Child Protective Services as a Major Program Area
in Child Welfare ..... 227
Intake Processes and Issues ..... 233
Risk Assessment Concepts and Issues ..... 238
The Child Protective Services Casework Process ..... 251
Cultural Issues in Child Protective Services ..... 259
Current Program Challenges in Child Protective
Services ..... 261
Conclusion ..... 266
Notes ..... 266
For Further Information ..... 267
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9 Family-Based Services

Introduction ..... 269
Overview of Family-Based Services ..... 272
Service Characteristics ..... 279
Evidence of Treatment Effectiveness ..... 290
Current Program Challenges ..... 297
Conclusion ..... 303
Appendix: An FPS Case Example ..... 303
Notes ..... 308
For Further Information ..... 311
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10 Family Foster Care: Evolution and Current Status

Introduction ..... 313
Evolution of Family Foster Care ..... 313
Current Status of Family Foster Care ..... 321
Conclusion ..... 332
Notes ..... 333
For Further Information ..... 334
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11 Family Foster Care: Trends and Issues in Service Delivery

Introduction ..... 335
Trends and Issues in Service Delivery ..... 335
Case Examples ..... 350
Conclusion: The Crisis in Family Foster Care ..... 358
Notes ..... 359
For Further Information ..... 360
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12 Adoption
Richard P. Barth

Introduction ..... 361
Major Adoption Legislation ..... 366
Current Adoption Practice ..... 372
Model Practices and Programs ..... 383
Current Program Challenges ..... 394
Conclusion ..... 396
For Further Information ..... 397
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13 Group Child Care Services

Introduction ..... 399
The Evolution of Child Caring Institutions ..... 402
Outcome Research on Residential Group Care ..... 410
Current Practice Trends ..... 423
Future Research and Policy Issues ..... 426
Conclusion ..... 428
Notes ..... 428
For Further Information ..... 429
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14 Organizational Requisites for Child Welfare Services

Introduction ..... 431
Establishing a Clear Agency Mission, Philosophy,
and Program Objectives ..... 432
Recruitment, Selection, and Training of Child Welfare
Personnel ..... 436
Challenges to Professionalizing Child Welfare Staff ..... 437
Specifying Measurable Performance Criteria and
Appraisal Methods ..... 445
Evaluation of Services ..... 446
Providing Quality Supervision ..... 448
Screening and Supervision in Child Welfare:
A Case Study ..... 451
Addressing Organizational and Worker Liability ..... 454
Conclusion ..... 456
Notes ..... 457
For Further Information ..... 457

References ..... 459

Index ..... 515

༻ ʚɞ ༺ Provenance ༻ ʚɞ ༺
Uit het bezit van Prof. Walter Hellinckx, met opdracht en gesigneerd door James K. Whittaker.
༺༺༻ ʚɞ ༺༺༻

jeugdbescherming, gezinsondersteuning, armoedeproblematiek, pleegzorg, adoptievraagstukken, residentiele zorg, kindermishandeling, seksueel geweld, verwaarlozing, risicotaxatie,